The New Zealand Ecological Society was formed in 1951 to promote the study of ecology and the application of ecological knowledge in all its aspects. Through its activities, the not-for-profit society publishes ecological research in the New Zealand Journal of Ecology, increases awareness and understanding of ecological principles and promotes sound ecological planning and management of the natural and human environment. The society also aims to foster collaboration and communication among ecologists. The New Zealand Ecological Society encourages high standards both within the profession of ecology by those practicing it, and by those bodies employing ecologists.

The Society has over 490 members, and membership is open to all with an interest in ecology. There is a small membership fee, with discounts for unwaged members (including students) and members of the Ecological Society of Australia.

The New Zealand Ecological Society is funded through income from member subscriptions, publications, donations and its investment portfolio. It is an independent organisation that receives little outside funding.